France: Internal Trial Prelude To Canceled Precommercial Launch
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The seven-month internal trial enabled a small number of Orange and Veolia employees to test purchasing and reloading tickets or passes over the air and tapping the phones to cover fares on buses and trams serving the city. The trial was supposed to serve as the last preparation for a precommercial launch of NFC payment and ticketing in Bordeaux by Orange, but local politics, among other problems, put an end to that.
Orange had trumpeted its planned precommercial NFC launch in Bordeaux as the project that would kick-start NFC services in France and beyond. But problems integrating terminals at the point-of-sale for one of the big merchants delayed the project. And more grievously for Orange, a switch by the local government of the contract to deliver bus and tram service from Veolia Transport to competing transit operator Keolis put the nail in the coffin for the project.
* Trusted Service Manager: Defined loosely to include companies or other organizations securely distributing, provisioning and managing applications, generally over the air, on secure elements in NFC mobile phones; or licensing their platforms for this purpose.
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